ABSTRACT
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication of cardiac surgery, including coronary artery bypass grafting, which has great clinical and economic importance for the healthcare system. Despite the improvement of surgical tactics, anesthetic and care benefits, POAF incidence has been increasing over the past decade. The mechanisms of POAF are different. Chronic coronary artery disease and its frequent comorbidities such as arterial hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus and heart failure, - are associated with various structural and functional changes in the heart, contributing to electrical atrial remodeling. Today, such risk factors for POAF as age, enlarged left atrium, post heart valve surgery, and obesity are well known. A new coronovirus infection that occurred in the early postoperative period can also be a trigger for atrial fibrillation. Postoperative arrhythmias can worsen both hospital and long-term results of treatment, increase the length of the patient's stay in the hospital, and the risk of complications. This review updates the data on the pathogenesis, incidence and complications of POAF, taking into account the current epidemiological situation.Copyright © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
(1) Background: A description of the trends and outcomes during hospitalization for infective endocarditis (IE) according to sex. (2) Methods: Using Spanish national hospital discharge data (2016-2020), we built Poisson regression models to compare the age-adjusted time trends for the incidence rate. We used propensity score matching (PSM) to compare the clinical characteristics and the in-hospital mortality (IHM) between men and women hospitalized with IE. (3) Results: We identified 10,459 hospitalizations for IE (33.26% women). The incidence of IE remained stable during this five-year period. The age-adjusted incidence of IE was two-fold higher among men vs. women (IRR = 2.08; 95%CI 2.0-2.17). Before PSM, women with IE were significantly older than men (70.25 vs. 66.24 years; p < 0.001) and had lower comorbidity according to the Charlson comorbidity index (mean 1.38 vs. 1.43; p = 0.019). After PSM, the IHM among women admitted for IE remained >3 points higher than that among men (19.52% vs. 15.98%; p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The incidence of IE was two-fold higher among men than among women. IHM was significantly higher among women after accounting for the potential confounders.
ABSTRACT
The 24-h breathing patterns may be closely related to health status as well as disease progression. However, there is no consistent and widely accepted approach for mining the potential value in 24-h respiratory signals based on wearable device monitoring. This study presented a reference approach including signal quality assessment, calibration of tidal volume, and breathing patterns parameters based on a wearable continuous physiological parameter monitoring system for 24-h breathing patterns analysis, including time domain, frequency domain and nonlinear domain. 70 healthy subjects and 76 patients undergoing heart valve surgery were enrolled in this study. The normal reference range of breathing patterns was calculated based on healthy subjects. A subgroup study was conducted based on whether patients developed postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Compared with non-PPCs group, the coefficient of variation of breathing rate in the recumbent position was smaller in the PPCs group. During the daytime, the kurtosis of breathing rate and contribution of the abdomen was smaller in PPCs group. During the nighttime, the coefficient of variation of breathing rate and SD2 was smaller in the PPCs group. The quantitative method proposed in this study fills the gap in the field of quantifying 24-h breathing patterns which is effective in discriminating different populations and is expected to be used widely in the context of COVID-19 epidemic. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
The proceedings contain 65 papers. The topics discussed include: blended learning using augmented reality glasses during the COVID-19 pandemic: the present and the future;training in soft-tissue resection using real-time visual computer navigation feedback from the surgery tutor: A randomized controlled trial;activating emotions enhance surgical simulation performance: A cluster analysis;SonoGames: delivering a point of care ultrasound curriculum through gamification;portable, adjustable simulator for cardiac surgical skills;teaching heart valve surgery techniques using simulators: A review;design and validity evidence for a unique endoscopy simulator using a commercial video game;comparison of a novel silicone flexor tendon repair model to a porcine tendon repair model;and challenges addressed with solutions, simulation in undergraduate and postgraduate surgical education, innovative education or research in surgical education.